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Salvia coccinea

Buc'hoz ex Etl. (1777)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Lamiales Family: Lamiaceae Genus: Salvia

līlīlehua [lililehua], scarlet sage, Texas sage

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Annual or perhaps short-lived perennial herbs.

Stems: Stems ascending to erect, 5–10 dm long, conspicuously hispid and puberulent in lines.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Opposite. Blades deltate–ovate, 2–7 cm long, 0.8–3 cm wide. Apex acute. Base truncate to subcordate. Upper surfaces moderately puberulent; lower surfaces pale, densely puberulent, becoming tomentose. Margins crenate–serrate, sometimes lower leaves long–ciliate. Petioles 0.5–2.3 cm long. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers (1)3–6 in verticillasters, these arranged in terminal, racemose inflorescences, bracts lanceolate, 3–6 mm long, margins long-ciliate, caducous. Calyx bilabiate, tubular to campanulate, often tinged purple, 6-9 mm long, cleft nearly 1/2 its length, short hirtellous, 10–15–nerved, upper lip usually concave or arched, entire or 2-toothed, lower lip 2-toothed, sometimes the teeth and lips obsolete. Corolla scarlet, strongly bilabiate, tube straight or curved 13-17 mm long, upper lip 3.5-5 mm long, subgaleate, entire or 2-lobed, lower lip spreading, 3-lobed; nectary disk often present at base of ovary, annular or developed on anterior side only. Stamens 2, exserted ca. 3–4 mm beyond corolla tube, aligned with the sinuses; anthers dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits, with an elongate connective articulated near the center of the filament; anther sacs at each end, sometimes lower anther sac or entire lower arm of connective rudimentary. Ovary superior, 2-carpellate; ovules 1 per ovary lobe, placentation basal-axile; style 1; stigmas 2.

Fruit: Nutlets 4; 1-seeded; ca. 2.5 mm long. Seeds with endosperm absent or scanty and oily.

Ploidy: 2n = 20; 22

Habitat: Naturalized in low elevation; dry; disturbed habitats.

Elevation Range: 50–1,000 m.

Historical Distribution

Images

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Uses and Culture

USES

  • Yes

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Kaua'i Naturalized
O'ahu Naturalized
Molokai Naturalized
Lana'i Naturalized
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Salv.: 23 (1777)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:829 (O, Mo, L, M, H); Lorence et al. 1995:40 (K); Staples & Herbst 2005:362 (KEY), 363 (DESCR)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Salvia coccinea Palawai Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 199 Lanai BISH 1913-10-10
2 Salvia coccinea Pohakea Pass Preserved_Specimen Bennett, T. 404 Oahu BISH 1982-05-27
3 Salvia coccinea Below Seven Craters, Puna Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 439 Hawaii BISH 1911-08-01
4 Salvia coccinea Kolekole Pass, Oahu Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 2287 Oahu BISH
5 Salvia coccinea Kamoku Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 321 Lanai BISH 1914-01-01
6 Salvia coccinea Olowalu Gulch Preserved_Specimen Krauss, N.L.H. 1102 Maui BISH 1967-03-21
7 Salvia coccinea Makaha Valley, Waianae Mts Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 11617 Oahu BISH 1932-04-03
8 Salvia coccinea Laupahoehoe Gulch Preserved_Specimen Sohmer, S.H. 6254 Hawaii BISH 1970-01-03
9 Salvia coccinea Southeast rim of Halawa Valley, Molokai, T.Hawaii Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 3655 Molokai BISH 1928-05-04
10 Salvia coccinea Halawa Valley Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 23403 Molokai BISH 1948-12-21
11 Salvia coccinea Miki Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 284 Lanai BISH 1928-02-06
12 Salvia coccinea Along road by Kipuka Nene Preserved_Specimen Fagerlund, G.O. 25 Hawaii BISH 1942-09-03
13 Salvia coccinea Waipio Valley Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 4649 Hawaii BISH 1909-07-16
14 Salvia coccinea Waianae Mts, summet of ridge, south of Kolekole Pass Preserved_Specimen Kerr, M. 3502 Oahu BISH 1945-10-28
15 Salvia coccinea Kaala Range Makaha V Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. Oahu BISH 1909-02-12
16 Salvia coccinea Makaleha. Northern Waianae Mountains. Growing on steep rocky slope in mesic-dry forest dominated by Diospyros sandwicensis, Psidium cattleianum, Schinus terebinthifolius, Leucaena leucocephala, Aleurites moluccana, Carex wahuensis, Odontosoria chinensis, and others. Preserved_Specimen Sticky herbaceous p lants with scarlet red flowers. Leaves pubescent dar green above and very pale on lower surface. Thomas, M.K. 575 Oahu BISH 2023-03-15
17 Salvia coccinea Lanai Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. Lanai BISH 1914-04-15
18 Salvia coccinea Makaha Valley Preserved_Specimen Suehiro, A. Oahu BISH 1932-04-03
19 Salvia coccinea Kamoku Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. Lanai BISH 1914-04-01
20 Salvia coccinea West slope, gulch east of Puu Kaupakuhale, Mokuleia, Puu Kaala, Waianae Mts Preserved_Specimen Bryan Jr., E.H. Oahu BISH 1932-10-23
21 Salvia coccinea Mokuleia, slopes of Kaala Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. Oahu BISH 1912-04-26
22 Salvia coccinea Waianae Mts., Makaha Valley, scrubby trail side Preserved_Specimen Hasegawa, M. Oahu BISH 1932-04-03
23 Salvia coccinea Lanai Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. Lanai BISH
24 Salvia coccinea Iao Valley Preserved_Specimen Maui BISH 1909-03-13
25 Salvia coccinea unknown Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 7035 BISH 1910-04-01
26 Salvia coccinea Kanepuu Common in this area, especially along the roads and growing up through Lantana. Preserved_Specimen Flower spikes terminal, ca. 6 in. long. Corolla bright red. Flynn, T.W. 216 Lanai BISH 1982-05-26
27 Salvia coccinea Kamokunui Gulch, Oahu, T.H Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 10543 Oahu BISH 1936-04-13
28 Salvia coccinea East Maui, 2.7 mi E of 'Ulupalakua Ranch on Piilani Hwy. (Hwy 31); on 'a'a lava flow dominated by Wikstroemia, Reynoldsia, Leucaena, Lantana and Myoporum (occasional). Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 4774 Maui BISH 1983-01-14
29 Salvia coccinea North Kona District. Kaupulehu Preserve, along Mamahaloa Highway (190) at 12 miles NE of Kailua Kona (by 28 mile marker) Remnant of dry forest with Diospyros sandwicensis dominant, also Colubrina, Canthium, Nototrichium, etc. with understory of introduced Pennisetum setaceum, over recent (1801) aa lava flow. Preserved_Specimen Herb 1m. tall, corolla red. Scarce locally. Lorence, D.H. 5487 Hawaii BISH 1987-08-06
30 Salvia coccinea Waimanu Trail, on outer western slope of Waipio Valley, Hamakua District Growing trailside with Lantana camara, Osteomeles anthyllidifolia, Euphorbia celastroides, and Heteropogon contortus. Preserved_Specimen Hairy herb 1 1/2 - 2' tall. Flowers bright red. Cuddihy, L.W. 789 Hawaii BISH 1981-03-28
31 Salvia coccinea Drive to end of Hilina Pali Road and walk about 200 meters west of rainshelter. Plant was in a grassland just west of pahoehoe lave flow, and north of large trailside Metrosideros tree. (plot 2) Andropogon glomeratus grassland community on ash-covered pahoehoe lava. Preserved_Specimen Herb about 1 foot tall, downy scarlet flower. (weed) Newell, C.L. 960 Hawaii BISH 1967-06-22
32 Salvia coccinea near Kanepuu Dry, open ground. Preserved_Specimen Prostrate, flowers blue. Fosberg, F.R. 12544 Lanai BISH 1935-12-01
33 Salvia coccinea Kaa, Kanepuu, NW part of island Open, dry Osmanthus forest Preserved_Specimen A common naturalized, perennial herb with bright scarlet flowers; growing under the forest trees. Herbst, D.R. 4036 Lanai BISH 1974-06-12
34 Salvia coccinea Halawa Valley Mouth of stream. Preserved_Specimen Corn, C. Molokai BISH 1982-05-22
35 Salvia coccinea Waianae Mts., Makaha Valley, open valley floor with Crotalaria saltiana, Indigofera suffruticosa, Ipomoea cairica Preserved_Specimen MacDaniels, L.H. 526 Oahu BISH 1927-01-31
36 Salvia coccinea Pohakea Pass, Waianae Mts. Honouliuli dry Lantana slopes. Preserved_Specimen Fls. bright red Fosberg, F.R. 9477 Oahu BISH 1933-05-12
37 Salvia coccinea Waianae Range. By the road leading towards Pohakea Pass from east, at the Forest Reserve boundary Preserved_Specimen Mäkinen, L. 66539 Oahu BISH 1966-04-04
38 Salvia coccinea Iao Valley, Wailuku Preserved_Specimen Roadside weed. St.John, H. 10279 Maui BISH 1930-02-09
39 Salvia coccinea Kawela Bay, Oahu, T.Hawaii Preserved_Specimen Dry pasture weed Degener, O. 9517 Oahu BISH 1933-04-04
40 Salvia coccinea Palawai, Manele Grade Preserved_Specimen weedy plant Stone, B.C. 887 Lanai BISH 1955-07-02
41 Salvia coccinea Kona District, land of Keauhou. Growing along Mamalahoa Highway about 6 miles east of Kailua-Kona Preserved_Specimen Herb with crimson flowers. Herbst, D.R. 5378 Hawaii BISH 1975-06-24
42 Salvia coccinea District of North Kona; Hawaii Belt Road (Mamalahoa Hwy.), near mile 28. Kaupulehu Preserve. Common, especially near gate but scattered through preserve Preserved_Specimen Corolla bright red Flynn, T.W. 1280 Hawaii BISH 1985-10-15
43 Salvia coccinea Kaa, betw Kanepuu Preserve boundary and Keahiakawelo. Preserved_Specimen Unusual pink flowered form growing with typical scarlet flowered plants. Oppenheimer, H.L. 41808 Lanai BISH 2018-04-19
44 Salvia coccinea Field No: FB 1315 Preserved_Specimen herb, flower red. Munro, G.C. 254 Lanai BISH 1926-04-03
45 Salvia coccinea Ewa District: Waianae Mts., Honouliuli Forest Reserve. Trail along summit from Puu Kaua to Pohakea Pass. Dry open windswept summit Preserved_Specimen Corolla scarlet. Lammers, T.G. 5532 Oahu BISH 1984-06-22
46 Salvia coccinea Puuwaawaa; heavily grazed rangeland Preserved_Specimen common weed of paddocks Takeuchi, W.N. 5766 Hawaii BISH 1989-05-01
47 Salvia coccinea cultivated by M.Emrick, Honua Farm, Kikala Rd., Kalaheo Preserved_Specimen Ornamental, to 60 cm tall. Stem pale green or sun-burned purple, with hairs whitish or slightly pink. Leaf:petiole green,with purple edge along upper ridges, with hairs whitish; blade above dark green, slightly glossy; below paler, with veins lighter and having pale purple cast. Axis of young inforescence pale green to (more commonly) dark purple, older axes mostly pale green with hairs white; pedicels purple with white hairs; calyx 8x10 mm, bi-colored:lower green, upper purplish; perianth 3.2 x 1.2 cm, mostly bright red, most brilliant on lip;tube with constricted base white; lip 1 x 1 cm; pistil 3.3 cm long, white at base becoming purple-red at tip; stamens 1.8 cm, filament orange-red, anther 2mm, fuchsia; calyxes drying in fruit to pale brown with purple-brown veins. Plants with earthy odor, not fragrant. Hume, L. 420 Kauai BISH 1989-09-07
48 Salvia coccinea Puuwaawaa; heavily grazed rangeland Preserved_Specimen common weed of paddocks. Takeuchi, W.N. 5766 Hawaii BISH 1989-05-01
49 Salvia coccinea Lualaihea, S slope of Haleakala Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 2025 Maui BISH 1920-03-19
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